Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1

 
CLASS 10 SEBA SOCIAL STUDIES NOTES
INDIAN DEMOCRACY


Very short answer questions.

1. Which political party won the elections held in 1945 in England? 

Ans:- The labour party won the elections held in 1945 in England .


2. When did the "Cabinet Mission" come to India?

 Ans:- The "Cabinet Mission" came to India in March, 1946. 


3. Who was the first Chairman of the Constituent Assembly? 

Ans:- Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

 

4. Who was the President of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution? 

Ans:- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the President of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution. 


5. In which constitutional amendment, were the words "Socialists" and "Secular" incorporated in the "Preamble"? 

Ans:- In the 42nd constitutional amendment, the words "Socialists" and "Secular" were incorporated in the "Preamble".


6. From which Latin word has the English word "Federation" been derived? 

Ans:- The English word "Federation" has been derived from the Latin word "Foedus".


7. Which country is regarded as the "Homeland" of the federation? 

Ans:- The United States of America(USA) is regarded as the 'Homeland" of the federation. 


8. Is there a Dual dtizenship system In India? 

Ans:- No, there is no dual citizenship system In India.


 9. From which country's constitution has the concept of India's Parliamentary democracy been followed?

 Ans:- The concept of India's Parliamentary democracy has been followed from the Constitution of England.



Short answer questions.

1. Why did the British government send The Cabinet Mission to India? 

Ans:- The British government send The Cabinet Mission to India to create a congenial environment and to make necessary preparation for framing a new constituion of India.


2. According to which Act, India's administration was governed between 15 August, 1947 to 26 January, 1950 and who enacted this act? 

Ans:- According to the provisions of the Govt. of India Act, 1935 the India's administration was governed between 15 August, 1947 to 26 January, 1950 and it was enacted by the parliament of England. 


3. Why have the words "We the people of India" have been incorporated in the preamble? 

Ans: The Words "We the people of India" have been incorporated in the preamble to make it crystal clear in definite terms that the actual authority of India Constitution is the Indian people themselves, and they are major force behind the making of the Indian Constitution. 


4. What is meant by the term Sovereign? 

Ans: The term of ' Sovereign' means that the people have supreme and absolute right to make decisions in internal as well as external matters. 


5. According to which constitutional amendment the two words "Socialist" and "Secular" have been incorporated in the Preamble an in which year?

Ans:- According to the 42nd constitutional amendment, the two words " Socialist" and "Secular" have been incorporated in the preamble in 1976.


6. What is meant by "Quasi-federal state"? 

Ans:- The system of governance in which feature of both the federal and unitary from of government are incorporated in the preamble of a state is called a Quasi-federal state .


7. Which Indian Act had introduced limited Parliamentary democracy in pre-independence India? 

Ans:- The Govt. Of India Act, 1935 had introduced limited Parliamentary democracy in pre-independence India. 



Long answer questions.

1. Discuss how the ideals of the Indian Constitution have been manifested in its Preamble?

Ans:-  The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is regarded as the soul, the conscience, the threshold and the keys of the Indian Constitution. Each and every word mentioned in the Preamble, bears ideals, philosophy and objectives of the constitution. Every word in the Preamble which begins with the words," We the people of India", bears certain meaning and ideal. With this words in the Preamble of the Constitution, its makers make it crystal clear in definite terms that the actual authority of the Constitution is the Indian people themselves. The Preamble also says that India will be a sovereign, secular, democratic and republic nation. Each of these words reflect the ideals of Constitution. Further the Preamble mentions that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity will be established in India. These words also emphasize the ideals and objectives of the Indian Constitution. Thus the ideals of the Indian Constitution have been manifested in each and every words of the Preamble.


2. Write in detail about what is mean by sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic?

Ans:-  Sovereign:  Sovereignty is the supreme and absolute power of the state. In other words externally a state or a country is not subordinate to any foreign power nor is Indian directed by any other force internally.

           Socialist:  Socialist signifies that there shall not be inequality among the people of a state in regards to their income, status and the standard of living. Socialism shall be established through the equal distribution of national income and the mixed economy.

           Secular:  Being a secular state means in the eyes of the government all religions are equal and as such there shall not be any discrimination among the religions. The government shall not show any special interest on make concessions to any particular religion.

          Democratic:  The administration of the democratic country shall be governed by the elected representatives of the people. The people shall administer the country for themselves and the administration shall be responsible to the people.

          Republic:  In a republic state the head of the state shall be elected by the people. The post of the Head of the state shall not be hereditary nor a person selected by someone.


3. Discuss the objective resolutions put forward by Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru.

Ans:-  The objective resolutions put forward by Pandit Nehru in relation to the Indian Constitution were - 

(i) The Constituent Assembly is determined to declare India as the Independent Sovereign Republic .

(ii) A union of states shall be constituted with the British-ruled Indian territory and the erstwhile princely kingdoms willing to join the Indian territory. 

(iii) Social, economic and political justice, equality, religious liberty, freedom of expressing thought and opinion of the Indian people will be duly recognized.

(iv) Importance shall be given to safeguard the freedom,sovereignty and integrity of the country.

(v) There shall be measures to safeguard the interests of the Scheduled Caste, Schedule Tribe, backward classes and the Minority people of India. 

(vi) India shall extend full cooperation for the sake of cordial international relations, world peace and welfare of the people. 

(vii) The people of India shall be the source of all powers. The government of the sovereign state and its constituent parts shall obtain their power from the people.

(viii) The indigenous princely states desiring to join the Indian Union shall enjoy the status of its constituent province through self-governance with the residuary powers.


4. Discuss the characteristics of the Indian federal system.

Ans:- Indian federal system is not a true federal system, still it has some characteristics of federation. Some characteristics of Unitary Government have been merged in this federal system. The characteristics are- the constituent states of India have no right to secede from the Indian Union; the constituent states of the Union of India do not have the provision of a separate constitution for them; there is only one constitution for the whole Indian Federation; all the important power have been centralised to the central or Union Government; the Governor performs its role as the representative of the central government in the state.

           Further, the provision of dual citizenship has not been granted in India. The Indian federal system is mainly dependent on the centre-state relationship. Analyst have referred to it with a new term 'Cooperative Federation'.


5. Explain the important characteristics of the Parliamentary form of government in India.

Ans:- The Indian parliamentary from of government has been created by the Constitution of India taking into consideration the Indian situation and presenting India as a distinguished county in the world. The makers of Indian Constitution had followed the Constitution England in particular while adopting a Parliamentary form of government in the constitution.

The characteristics of the parliamentary from of government in India are: 

(i) The parliament of India is formed with the Houses of people (Lok sabha) and the council of states (Rajya sabha). 

(ii) The president of India is an important constituent of the Indian parliament.

(iii) The Indian parliament forms a government created by people and is responsible to the people. 

(iv) The head of state is an elected representative of the people.


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